“Mediaeval precursor of Chemistry, Alchemy concentrated on turning base metals into gold. Nowadays it is generally considered that the vocabulary of Alchemy really consists of metaphors for Spiritual Initiation, an idea Carl Jung incorporated into Analytical Psychology. Some schools of thought hold that Alchemy is a metaphor for Sex Magic.”—https://hermetic.com/jwmt/v1n0/glossary2

Alchemy is the art and science of transforming that which has little value into that which has great value, both in the spiritual and material world. It is the forefather of Chemistry, but ancient Alchemists believed that the state of purity of the Operator and Operation was as important as the purity of the ingredients. Stage One: Calcication (heating a substance until reduced to ashes), Stage Two Solution (mix with liquid), Stage Three elementary separation (shake and settle), Stage Four conjugation (creation of the 'Lesser Stone,'), Stage Five putrification (decay), Stage Six coagulation (precipitation or sublimation of the purified Ferment from Distillation), Stage Seven cibation (feeding the contents of the crucible with fresh material), Stage Eight Sublimimation (heated to a vapor, then collect sediment), Stage Nine, fermentation (the the growth of a ferment (bacteria) in organic solutions, or the Spirit in the Alchemist), Stage Ten, exaltation (heat to purify the Red Tincture), Stage Eleven, augmentation (combining like elements), Stage Twelve, projection (physical transformation with Spiritual properties) to create the Philosopher's Stone, the Medicing of the Sun, (dis)solve et coagula, dissolve and recreate again and again, each time a little more perfect, a little more pure.

After separating the 3 components of Salt, Sulfur and Mercury, refine each into the Secret Salt, the essence of Sulfur and Quintessence of Mercury, the Red Lion and White Eagle, the 1st transmutes metals and physical objects, the 2nd transmutes living things to health or their best, noblest aspect;

Alchemy is a Spiritual Art of Attention, where the purity of the concentration and Will power developed is as good as Gold in our lives.

Plato starts the subject moving with his description of the FOUR ELEMENTS and Aethyr, ascribed to the Sicilian philosopher Empedocles (ca. 450 BCE). The combinations of these Elements and their properties created the observable traits of the physical world, and that world was mutable to changes, based on those same Elements. Learning to manipulate those changes were the heart and soul of Alchemy. Aristotle in On Generation and Corruption, uses this as a basic design for Nature. Hermes Trismegistus applied these teachings to the passage of the Soul, adding an Egyptian flavor. Hippocrates and later Galen formulate the Four humours: yellow bile (fire), black bile (earth), blood (air), and phlegm (water).

The reemergence of Arabic texts and translations of these Ancients towards the late Middle Ages and their translation by Spanish and European Jews introduces these old concepts anew, to a great audience at the beginning of the Renaissance.

Alchemy is still widely practiced in the Spiritual organizations of today, but the emphasis has shifted from exterior results (look, Lead to Gold) to interior, Spiritual results (Look, Distress, after a 2 hour alchemy operation, Peace). The changing of one element into another is widely practiced in the particle accelerator and colliders of the Physics Lab.

Pythagoras; Apuleius; Dr. John Dee; Edward Kelly; Dr. Arthur Dee; Johannes Valentinus Andreae; Andreas Libavius AKA Bailius de Varna; Johann Friedrich Falk; Marsilio Ficino; Cagliostro; Casanova; Michael Maier; Franz Hartmann; Paracelsus; Éliphas Lévi; Chaim Vital; Roger Bacon; Elias Ashmole; Sir Isaac Newton; Albertus Magnus; Ethan Allen Hitchcock; John Winthrop the YoungerAKA John Winthrop,(CT 1650s); R. Swinburne Clymer; Anton Joseph Kirchweger; Frederick Holland; Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers ; William Robert Woodman; William Wynn Westcott;Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie; Count Apponyi; Frederick Hockley; William W. Atkinson; William Alexander Ayton; H. Spencer Lewis; Frederick Carter; Samael Aun Weor; Fulcanelli; Justus von Liebig; Basil Valentine; Nicolas Flamel; Dr. Christian August Becker; Max Retschlag; Sir George Ripley; Michael Sendivogius; Stanislas Klossowski de Rola; Artephius; Jābir ibn Hayyān AKA Gerber; Georgius Aurach de Argentina [AKA 'Anrach']; J.D. Mylius; Johann Isaac Hollandus; Synesius of Cyrene; Alexandre Toussaint de Limojon; Simon Forman; Athanasius Kircher; Baron Tschoudy aka aka Théodore Henry de Tschoudy , author of Alchemical Catechism and creator of the Order of the Blazing Star; William Bloomfield; Thomas Rawlin; Arnoldus de Villa Nova; Pontanus; Petrus Bonus; John Dastin; Thomas Robinson; Eudoxus; John Dastin; Justin von Bujdoss; Robert Nelson; Richard Carpenter; John Gower ; Thomas Charnock; Clement Oldfield; Roloff Peterson; Josephus Quercetanus ; Baro Urbigerus; John French, author of The Art of Distillation; Joannes Agricola; Thomas Vaughan; Oswald Croll; Christopher Packe; Johann Rudolph Glauber; Henry Khunrath AKA Henry Kunwrath of Lipsicke; William Gratacolle; Edmund Dickinson; Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont; Crasselame; Bruno de Lansac; John Everard ; Franz Gassman; William Cooper; Valentin Weigel aka Valentine Weigelius; Cesare Ripa; Robert Fludd; Jean Albert Belin; Martin Ruland the Younger; Benedict Figulus; Alexandre Toussaint de Limojon; Dr Sigismond Bacstrom; Karl Eckartshausen ; R.W. Councell ; Francis Lee; Jane Lead ; Richard Roach; Simon Forman; George Leister; Gabriel Gostwyk; John Poore; Phillippi a Rovillasco; Humphrey Locke; Willam Cecil; Theodore Turqueti de Mayerne ; “Arnoldus Philosophicus”; J. Fanianus Chrysippus; Guilliam de Cenes; Johannes Isaacus Hollandus; Sir Walter Raleigh; Francis Bernard; Christophorus Parisiensis; Sir Hans Sloane; Johannis Postylthwayt; “Ali Puli”; Peter Stahl; Dr Daniel Foote; Dr Sam. Bellingham; Gerrard Dorney; Jan Baptist van Helmont aka I.B. van Helmont; Arnoldus de Villa Nova; Isaac Holland; Samuel Hartlib; Alexander von Suchten; Christian Granhardor Erfurdt; Theodori Mayerne; Jacobius Trivultius; Raymond Lull; Johannis de Mehum; Thomas Norton of Bristoll; Claudius Paradyne; Christopher Taylour; “Salomon Trismosin”; Henri vom Steenwijch; Gravius; Jakob Bohme; George Marrowe; Adrian a German,; Thomas Robson; Thomam Harprum; Samuel Norton; Sr Peter Percy; John Dastine AKA Johannes de Sumbleton; Lord Barnard Earle of Travison; Mr Dunstone Bishop; Johannis Isaaci,; Cornelius Agrippa; Sir Robert Green; Bernard, Hali; Robert Holcot,; Johannis Gallicii; Wilelmum Parisiensis; “ Alexius Affricus”; Johannis Bubelli AKA Johannis Bumbulem; Raymondes Curtacions; Sir Robert Greene; Robert Freelove Clerke ; Jhone (sp) Garland; Dr Homodeus; Rychard Walton; Theodorico Gravio ; Patricius Sanders; Count Cagliostro AKA Joseph (or Giuseppe) Balsamo Cagliostro; Christopher Taylour; John Mayre,; “Pearce the Black Monk.”; Dr Jospeh Webbe; Lewes Lazerell; Count Bernard of Treviso; Benjamin Lock; William Atherton; Richard Napier; Edward Gresham; and a tip of the hat to this century's great Alchemist, Adam McLean; see http://www.alchemywebsite.com/authors.html for more; Tim Hogan ; Kirk White; WB Justin D; Br. Noble Mikhial; Lazarus Zetzner, compiler of Theatrum Chemicum, 1606; Dr. A. S. Raleigh; Dr. R. Watson Councell; Marie-Louise Von Franz; R. F. C. Hull ; A. S. B. Glover; Saint Thomas Aquinas, reputed author of the alchemical “Aurora Consurgens” (aka Rising Dawn); Adiramled aka Delmar DeForest Bryant; Martin Ruland the Younger aka Martinus Rulandus , 1569 – 1611; Martin Ruland the Elder aka Martinus Rulandus (1532 - 1602); Tadeáš Hájek aka Tadeáš Hájek z Hájku aka Thaddeus Nemicus, 1525 – 1600; Johannes Ticinensis, @ 1670; Jan van Ruysbroek aka Jan van Ruysbrock aka the ecstatic teacher, author of De Naptu svel de Ornatu Nuptiarum Spiritualium, 1293 - 1381; Trevisanus aka Bernard Trevisan aka Bernard of Treviso aka Bernardus Trevisanus, @ 1406 - 1490; Gotfridus Leurier of Citeaux; Denis Zachaire, 1510 – 1556; Magister Menahem aka Menaym Judeus of Majorca @ 1345; Caracosa Samuel aka Saracosa Samuel of Perpignan @ 1384; Rabbi “Abraham Eleazar” aka Habraham the Jew, author of Age-Old Chymical Work aka Uralter Chymisches Werck, 1735; Aaron Abraham ben Baruch Simeon ha-Levi , author of Lette on Accents aka Iggeret ha-Te'amim; Student Shabbethai Sheftel ben Akiba Hurwitz of Prague, 1612, author of Shefa' Ṭal; Abraham ben Simeon, author of Cabala Mystica aka Segulot Melachim aka The Mystery of Qabalah; Ahmad al-Tifashi aka Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Tīfāchī in Algeria, 1184 - 1253, author of The Book of Minerals (in Hebrew letters but Arabic language) & A Promenade of the Hearts aka The Delight of Hearts, or What You Will Not Find In Any Book; Jean-Jacques Manget aka Johann Jacob Mangetus, author of Bibliotheca Curiosa Chemica, 1702, 1652 – 1742 ; Simeon Labi of Monocco, author of Fine Gold aka Ketem Paz, @1580 ; Abraham Miranda; editor of Faithful Hand aka Yad Ne’eman, 1804 ; Khalid ibn Yazid ; Artephius AKA Aesculapius; Themo Judaei aka Rabbi Timon ; Zadith filius Hamuel aka The Senior Zadith aka aka Ibn Umayl aka Muhammed ibn Umail at-Tamîmî aka Zadith Hamuelis, author of Silvery Water and Starry Earth , 900 – 960 CE ; Marcellin Berthelot, author of Les Origines de l'alchimie, 1885 & Introduction à l'étude de la chimie des anciens et du moyen âge, 1889; Abraham Hamawi aka Abraham Shalom Hay Hamawi of Morocco, author of Sefer Abi’a Hidot aka The Book of Dark Sayings & Nifla’im Ma’asekha; Abraham Portaleone aka Abraham be David Portaleone , author of Shilte ha-Gibborim aka Shields of the Mighty Heroes & De Auro Dialogi tres, @ 1550 – 1612; Masih ibn Hakim, may have been Masih al-Dimashqi; Muhammad ibn Yunis of Bikhara aka Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Sadafi al-Misri aka ابن يونس, author of al-Zij al-Kabir al-Hakimi, @ 950-1009; Ali al-Kandi is likely Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ Al-Kindi; Muhammad ibn Lith al-Rasa’ili aka Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyā Rāzī aka Rhazes aka Rasis , author of al-Asrar aka “The Secrets” & Sirr al-Asrar aka “The Secret of Secrets”, 865 - 925 C.E; Ali al-Atlaqi ; 'ū n-Nūn , 796 – 861 ; Helvetius aka Johann Friedrich Schweitzer aka John Frederick Helvetius , author of Vitulus Aureus aka The Golden Calf, 1667 &and Miraculo transmutandi Metallica, 1667, 1625–1709; Peter Lombard aka Petrus Bonus aka Pietro Antonio Bono aka Messer Peiro Dabano aka Petrus Bonus of Ferrara aka Petrus Bonus the Lombard aka Petrus Bonus Lombardus, author of Precious Pearl aka Margarita Preciosa aka Precious New Pearl aka Margarita Preciosa Novella, 1330-1339; Niccolo di Inglitera ; Mestero Ermano de Normandia ; Messer Andrea di Napoli Bartolomeo d’Altenpio aka Bartolomeo dal Tempio the painter? 1455 – 1515? ; Giaspare di Bolgona aka Gaspare di Bolgona aka Bonays ; Abifior della Luna aka Pope Benedict XII aka Pedro de Luna, @ 1334 ; Pramenidas, perhaps the early Greek Parmenides of Elea, author of On Nature, @ 535 BCE ; Mugais ; Furnias aka Furnace? ; Filipelino, quotes from Turba Philosophorum aka The Assembly of Philosophers ; Magrines ; Morienus of Rome aka Mariares, author of The Book of Maestro Irimans of Qostanina aka Marianus aka Morienus of Constantinople ; Artamus aka Ostanes the Persian? ; Artabanus aka Artabanus of Persia aka Artabanus the Hyrcanian, @ 465 BCE ; Cristoforo of Abolonia ; Frati Elia aka Helia aka Alia aka Brother Elias aka Elijah? ; Messer Simone ; Nico aka Messer Simone Reco (who made a white suit of clothes) ; Gulielmo da Monte Polaseno ; Mestro Yacopo Davinisia aka Jacopo da Venesia aka Jacob of Venice, not James, who translated Aristotle ; Cardinal della Colonna ; Democritus, @ 460 – 370 BCE; Ngrides ; Mutus Liber, collected by Johannes Jacobus Manget in Bibliotheca chemica curiosa, 1702; Madam de Warens, 1728 - 1731, and her friend Rousseau in 1747 -1749; “ChIDA” aka HIda aka Hayyim Yosef Azulai aka Chaim Josef David Azulai aka Haim Yosef David Azulai ben Yitzhak Zerachia, author of Midbar Q'demot aka Primeval Desert & Shem HaGedolim aka Name of the Great aka The Name of the Great Ones(it is plural), 1724 - 1806;

• Alchemy

• Alchemy

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